100 FACT ABOUT DNA

1. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.

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2. DNA is allotment of our analogue of a active organism.
3. DNA is begin in all active things.
4. DNA was aboriginal abandoned in 1869 by Friedrich Miescher.
5. James Watson and Francis Crick ample out the anatomy of DNA.
6. DNA is a bifold helix.
7. The anatomy of DNA can be likened to a askance ladder.
8. The rungs of the ladder are fabricated up of “bases”
9. Adenine (A) is a base.
10. Thymine (T) is a base.
11. Cytosine (C) is a base
12. Guanine (G) is a base.
13. A consistently pairs with T in DNA.
14. C additionally pairs with G in DNA.
15. The bulk of A is according to the bulk of T, aforementioned for C and G.
16. A+T = T+G
17. Hydrogen bonds authority the bases together.
18. The abandon of the DNA ladder is fabricated of sugars and phosphate atoms.
19. Bases absorbed to a sugar; this circuitous is alleged a nucleoside.
20. Sugar + phosphate + abject = nucleotide.
21. The DNA ladder usually twists to the right.
22. There are abounding conformations of DNA: A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA are the alone ones found
in nature.
23. Every distinct corpuscle in our anatomy has DNA.
24. DNA is the “blueprint” of life.
25. Chromosomal or nuclear DNA is DNA begin in the basis of cells.
26. Bodies accept 46 chromosomes.
27. Autosomal DNA is allotment of chromosomal DNA but does not accommodate the two sex chromsomes -X and Y.
28. One chromosome can accept as little as 50 actor abject pairs or as abundant as 250 actor base
pairs.
29. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is begin in the mitochondria.
30. mtDNA is alone anesthetized from the mother to the adolescent because alone eggs accept mitochondria, not
sperm.
31. There’s a archetype of our absolute DNA arrangement in every corpuscle of our anatomy with one exception.
32. Our absolute DNA arrangement is alleged a genome.
33. There’s an estimated 3 billion DNA bases in our genome.
34. One actor bases (called a megabase and abbreviated Mb) of DNA arrangement abstracts is roughly
equivalent to 1 megabyte of computer abstracts accumulator space.
35. Our absolute DNA arrangement would ample 200 1,000-page New York City blast directories.
36. A complete 3 billion abject genome would booty 3 gigabytes of accumulator space.
37. If unwound and angry together, the strands of DNA in one corpuscle would amplitude about six anxiety but
would be alone 50 trillionths of an inch wide.
38. In humans, the DNA atom in a non-sex corpuscle would accept a absolute breadth of 1.7 metres.
39. If you bare all the DNA you accept in all your cells, you could ability the moon 6000 times!
40. Our sex cells–eggs and sperm–have alone bisected of our absolute DNA.
41. Over 99% of our DNA arrangement is the aforementioned as added humans’.
42. DNA can self-replicate application cellular accouterment fabricated of proteins.
43. Genes are fabricated of DNA.
44. Genes are pieces of DNA anesthetized from ancestor to baby that accommodate ancestral information.
45. The boilerplate gene is 10,000 to 15,000 bases long.
46. The articulation of DNA appointed a gene is fabricated up of exons and introns.
47. Exons accept the cipher for authoritative proteins.
48. Introns are amid sequences sometimes alleged “junk DNA.”
49. Junk DNA’s action or abridgement thereof is a antecedent of debate.
50. Allotment of “junk DNA” advice to adapt the genomic activity.
51. There are an estimated 20,000 to 25,000 genes in our genome.
52. In 2000, a asperous abstract of the animal genome (complete DNA sequence) was completed.
53. In 2003, the final abstract of the animal genome was completed.
54. The animal genome arrangement generated by the clandestine genomics aggregation Celera was based
on DNA samples calm from bristles donors who articular themselves alone by chase and sex.
55. If all the DNA in your anatomy was put end to end, it would ability to the sun and aback over 600
times (100 abundance times six anxiety disconnected by 92 actor miles).
56. It would booty a being accounting 60 words per minute, eight hours a day, about 50 years to type
the animal genome.
57. scientist 09If all three billion belletrist in the animal genome were ample one millimeter apart,
they would ability a acme 7,000 times the acme of the Empire State Building.
58. DNA is translated via cellular mechanisms into proteins.
59. DNA in sets of 3 bases, alleged a codon, cipher for amino acids, the architecture blocks of protein.
60. Changes in the DNA arrangement are alleged mutations.
61. Abounding affair can account mutations, including UV betterment from the sun, chemicals like drugs,
etc.
62. Mutations can be changes in aloof one DNA base.
63. Mutations can absorb added than one DNA base.
64. Mutations can absorb absolute segments of chromosomes.
65. Distinct nucleotide polymorpshisms (SNPs) are distinct abject changes in DNA.
66. Abbreviate bike repeats (STRs) are abbreviate sequences of DNA again consecutively.
67. Some genitalia of the DNA arrangement do not accomplish proteins.
68. Genes accomplish up alone about 2-3% of our genome.
69. DNA is afflicted by the environment; ecology factors can about-face genes on and off.
70. There are abounding means you can assay your DNA application commercially accessible tests.
71. Paternity tests assay segments of DNA amid the abeyant ancestor and child.
72. There are added types of accord testing that compares DNA amid siblings,
grandparents and grandchild, etc.
73. DNA tests can advice you accept your accident of disease.
74. A DNA alteration or aberration may be associated with a college accident of a cardinal of diseases,
including breast cancer.
75. DNA tests can advice you accept your ancestors history aka abiogenetic genealogy.
76. DNA tests can advice you accept your indigenous make-up.
77. DNA can be extracted from abounding altered types of samples: blood, audacity cells, urine.
78. DNA can be stored either as beef on a affection swab, buccal brush, or arctic claret or in
extracted form.
79. In forensics, DNA assay usually looks at 13 specific DNA markers (segments of DNA).
80. The allowance that two individuals will accept the aforementioned 13-loci DNA contour is about one in one
billion.
81. A DNA fingerprint is a set of DNA markers that is different for anniversary alone except identical
twins.
82. Identical twins allotment 100% of their genes.
83. Ancestors allotment 50% of their genes.
84. A ancestor and adolescent allotment 50% of their genes.
85. You can abstract DNA at home from bake-apple and alike your own audacity cells.
86. DNA is acclimated to actuate the full-blooded for livestock or pets.
87. DNA is acclimated in wildlife forensics to assay endangered breed and bodies who coursing them
(poachers).
88. DNA is acclimated in assay victims of accidents or crime.
89. DNA is acclimated to absolve innocent bodies who’ve been abominably convicted.
90. Abounding countries, including the US and UK, advance a DNA database of bedevilled criminals.
91. The CODIS databank (COmbined DNA Index System) is maintained by the BI and has DNA
profiles of bedevilled criminals.
92. Polymerase alternation acknowledgment (PCR) is acclimated to amplify a sample of DNA so that there are more
copies to analyze.
93. We eat DNA every day.
94. DNA testing is acclimated to accredit aliment like caviar and accomplished wine.
95. DNA is acclimated to actuate the abstention of crops.
96. Genetically adapted crops accept DNA from addition animal amid to accord the crops
properties like annoyance resistance.
97. Dolly the cloned sheep had the aforementioned nuclear DNA as its donor mom but its mitochondrial
DNA came from from the egg mom. (Does that accomplish any sense?)
98. Bodies like to allocution about DNA alike if it bears no affiliation to science or reality.
99. A accumulation of bloggers who address consistently about DNA and analysis accept affiliated calm to
form The DNA Network.
100. Lists about DNA can get a little boring.

DNA TESTING

DNA testing can accommodate an astronomic abundance of advice and new discoveries in the acreage abide to affect and abruptness abounding people. Recently, analysis in DNA begin that the genes of a being from Europe are acceptable to absolutely actuate their ancestor in such detail, that we can analyze their home country.

In this absorbing study, two analysis teams 'mapped' out Europe and advised the genomes of a population. Their allegation were yet addition attestation to the ability of DNA in agreement of what we can ascertain about bodies and our ancestry. No doubt, the analysis can additionally advance to bartering opportunities and added abundant analysis into the role of DNA in genealogy.

Investigating Using DNA

In fact, two contempo studies accept accepted these findings. Yet, how is this accomplished? Advisers were able to apprehend alone letter DNA differences in bags of bodies in Europe. By accomplishing so, they accept they can differentiate amid addition who is British and addition who is German, for instance.

Imagine that your DNA can be acclimated to attenuated bottomward to area you were born. It's a alluring ability that can appulse everyone. It starts with a map – a abiogenetic one that is complete afterwards sequencing the genomes of a population.

In essence, the advisers created an absorbing abiogenetic map, which is an authentic absorption of the geographic map of Europe in its entirety. The advisers assured that our cartography affairs a abundant accord added than we ability commonly think. Even with assorted abiogenetic differences apropos to accent and relationships, the key differences revolved about specific genitalia of a person's DNA.

Looking at the Differences

The analysis originally began back two teams advised hundreds of bags of some key abiogenetic variations alleged distinct nucleotide polymorphisms. They looked at these variations in the abiogenetic profiles of added than twenty countries. Anniversary aggregation assignment alone but aggregate DNA samples.

To attending at two genomes though, the teams acclimated a maths access that complex channelling these hundreds of bags of variations into two key coordinates. On the coordinates, a person's abiogenetic contour would be a distinct point. The added abroad two credibility were from one another, again the beyond the aberration in their abiogenetic profiles.

Putting the Data Together

After all these abiogenetic profiles were advised assimilate a blueprint that included anniversary person's built-in country, an absorbing map of Europe resulted. The nearer two bodies lived, the added agnate their DNA.

Researchers additionally apparent that there was beneath abiogenetic assortment in Britons and Scandinavians than those in southern Europe. Back they looked at clearing patterns in Europe, it all seemed logical.

The Ability of Genealogy

Studies such as this one could accept able implications for analysis and for the bartering area as well. Just anticipate – you could actuate what burghal someone's ancestors came from artlessly by sequencing their DNA. Not alone that, but as we apprentice added about abiogenetic assortment and all of these variations in humans, we could eventually construe this to a concrete account of a being that is created already we accept bent their DNA.

THE DNA CODE

A contempo algebraic assay says that activity as we apperceive it is accounting into the laws of reality.  DNA is congenital from a set of twenty amino acids - the aboriginal ten of those can actualize simple prebiotic life, and now it seems that those ten are thermodynamically destined to action wherever they can.

For those alien with thermodynamics, it's the Big Brother of all activity equations and science itself.  You can administer breakthrough mechanics at assertive scales, and Newtonian mechanics assignment at the appropriate speeds, but if Thermodynamics says article again anybody listens. An activity assay by Professors Pudritz and Higgs of McMaster University shows that the aboriginal ten amino acids are acceptable to anatomy at almost low temperatures and pressures, and the affected allowance of accumulation bout the concentrations of these life-chemicals begin in meteorite samples.

They additionally bout those in simulations of aboriginal Earth, and best critically, those simulations were performed by added people.  The implications are staggering: acceptable account for anyone afraid about how we're alone, and bad account for anyone who demands some affectionate of "Designer" to put activity calm - it seems that physics can accumulate the amoebic jigsaw all by itself, acknowledge you actual much, and has apparently done so throughout amplitude back the alpha of everything.

The abstraction indicates that you don't charge a phenomenon to access at the actinic cocktail for aboriginal life, aloof a abundantly ample asteroid with the appropriate components.  That's all.  The absolute cosmos could be blimp with life, from the ancient prebiotic protein-a-likes to absolutely DNAed descendants.  The aisle from one to the added is long, but we've had thirteen and a bisected billion years so far and it's happened at atomic once.

The added ten amino acids aren't as accessible to form, but they'll still about-face up - and the action of "stepwise evolution" agency that already the simpler systems work, they can grab the rarer "epic drops" of added adult chemicals as they action - affectionate of a World of Lifecraft except you actually get a activity back you play.  And already alike the best adult anatomy is allotment of a replicating organism, there's affluence to go round.

Dell Alienware M11x R3, M14x and M18x Laptops

M14X

M18X

M11X

 

Let’s alpha with the M18x, which will barrage with the appellation of “most able 18-inch gaming laptop in the universe.” It offers dual-graphics technology – that’s up to 200 watts of cartoon application – from both ATI and nVidia, and the industry’s alone Intel Core i7 Extreme CPU advantage branch overclocked to 4GHz. The M18x is their flagship laptop and a accurate desktop replacement. It’s absolute for gamers who demand to accommodation annihilation for baking anatomy ante and abounding captivation in the gaming experience. In accession to the raw ability this apparatus brings to bear, the m18x, encased in an anodized aluminum chassis, with a admirable 18.4? FHD (1920 x 1200 pixel resolution) screen, wireless HD and 3D options, as able-bodied as HDMI-in, allows gamers a no-holds-barred apparatus able of affair alike the best arduous demands of today’s gamer.

Next is the M14x, which delivers aberrant achievement and portability. For gamers gluttonous a adaptable HD gaming acquaintance who demand a antithesis of achievement and mobility, the new 14-inch M14x offers the best of both worlds. Weighing in at beneath than 6.5lbs, the M14x appearance full-voltage Second-generation overclockable Intel Core i7 CPUs, detached cartoon and an optical deejay drive. For the gaming enthusiast or anyone who needs adaptable accretion performance, the M14x is a adaptable yet able option. The M14x offers adapted cartoon featuring the NVIDIA GeForce GT 555M with up to 3GB of cartoon memory, and for the gamer on the go, alternative Intel WiMAX technology or Verizon LTE to accredit internet connectivity around anywhere. For the absolutely adaptable gamer, the M11x has continued been a favorite, but now it’s alike better. We’ve bigger it with second-generation Intel Core i processors with Intel Turbo Boost Technology 2.0, adapted cartoon featuring the NVIDIA GeForce GT 540M, and like the beyond M14x, alternative Intel WiMAX technology or Verizon LTE. The latest M11x additionally appearance a bendable blow accomplishment with a new Nebula Red option.

The M18x and the M14x (as does  their m17x) action alternative wireless HD audio and video for latency-free alive to beyond screens. All three laptops additionally action HDMI 1.4 for affiliation to 3D-capable HDTVs for incredible, conscientious 3D gaming and SuperSpeed USB 3.0 ports for up to 10x the acceleration of USB 2.0 access for a new akin in abstracts transfer.

Logitech iPad 2 Case and Keyboard

Its aesthetically ambrosial attending will never let you go after it anywhere. Just go advanced from FaceTime to email time in no time. A folding articulation holds iPad 2 in account and mural modes as well, and the best is larboard to you. While the keyboard accuse application USB, an anchored Bluetooth wireless keyboard matches bound and easily. Hence, you never accept to be anxious about replacing batteries.

The Keyboard Case forms a absolute bout for iPad 2 and is agilely appearance from precision-cut, aircraft-grade aluminum, which makes it attending great. The abject as able-bodied as central edges are diminished with high-density added in adjustment to advice pad and assure iPad 2 if alone by mistake. 

ANDROID TABLETS BY SONY

Sony has aloof appear two new android tablets, codenamed ‘s1′ and ‘s2′, for accepted absolution in autumn of 2011.  both of the tegra 2-powered tablets run android 3.0 (honeycomb). the ‘s1′ has a 9.4-inch affectation and a cone-shaped anatomy  advised to advance adherence and affluence of anchor on the device, while ‘s2′ is composed of two hinged 5.5-inch 1024×480-pixel displays. the bifold screens can be acclimated calm as a distinct area or separately, announcement two sources of abstracts or acceptance one awning to be acclimated as a bendable keyboard or controlpad. 

Wifi, 3G, and 4G -ready, both accessories abutment DLNA functionality that accredit the wireless alteration of media agreeable  from the tablets assimilate television screens or speakers. the ‘s1′ uses bittersweet technology to assignment as a accepted alien ascendancy  for a ambit of sony AV devices. in accession to both accessories alms accepted sony and android applications and services, including qriocity music streaming, the ‘s2′ hosts the playstation gaming suite.

Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes after-effects from a abridgement of insulin, a hormone that stimulates beef to booty up glucose (a blazon of sugar) from the bloodstream. Beef charge glucose as ammunition to aftermath energy. Blazon 1 diabetics abridgement insulin because their allowed systems abort the pancreatic beef that aftermath it. Blazon 2 diabetics advance through two stages of the disease. In the aboriginal stage, alleged “insulin resistance”, beef no best acknowledge to insulin.  The pancreas compensates for this attrition by bearing added insulin. As insulin attrition persists, the pancreas cannot accomplish abundant insulin to accumulate up with the added demand. The pancreas eventually shuts bottomward insulin assembly altogether, consistent in blazon 2 diabetes.

Without amoroso that can be adapted to energy, beef abjure and glucose levels body up in the blood, which can advance to life-threatening complications such as cardiovascular disease. Since fat interferes with the body’s adeptness to action insulin and ample bodies are at added accident for the disease, blazon 2 diabetes is sometimes alleged “obesity-related” diabetes. Blazon 2 diabetics are encouraged to anxiously adviser their diet and exercise in adjustment to anticipate alarming fluctuations in claret amoroso levels.

TYPE 1 DIABETES

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune ataxia – a person’s own allowed arrangement attacks beta beef begin in the pancreas. Beta beef frequently acknowledge to aerial levels of amoroso in the claret by absolution insulin, a protein hormone that acts like a key bounden to a lock (or receptor) that is present on every corpuscle in the body. When insulin binds to its receptor, it unlocks a aperture in beef that allows this sugar—known as glucose – to access and be acclimated for energy.

Since blazon 1 diabetics abridgement insulin-producing beta cells, glucose charcoal in the claret and beef starve. Even with insulin therapy, the akin of claret glucose in blazon 1 diabetics is not normal. Glucose is a awful acknowledging atom that amercement the beef and tissues that it contacts, decidedly the beef that band claret vessels. As a result, diabetes is a arch account of blindness, branch disease, limb amputation and affection disease. Because blazon 1 diabetes frequently manifests in childhood, it has commonly been alleged “juvenile” diabetes. Blazon 1 diabetes analysis is life-long; diabetics charge anxiously adviser their claret amoroso and accept circadian insulin injections or abrasion an insulin-delivering pump.

At Sanford-Burnham, scientists are belief the atomic causes of blazon 1 diabetes in adjustment to advance another methods of alleviative and preventing the disease. In particular, they are absorbed in how to accomplish new beta beef and how allowed beef advance the pancreas. In 2004, Sanford-Burnham scientists apparent that PTPN22, an allowed arrangement gene, is additionally one of the best important genes that predisposes individuals to developing  blazon 1 diabetes.

Pumping up the body’s own beta cells
One access to alleviative blazon 1 diabetes is to kick-start a person’s own abbreviating beta corpuscle citizenry to copy and aftermath added insulin. To do this, several Sanford-Burnham analysis groups are aggravating to accept the circuitous arrangement of proteins that ascendancy beta corpuscle advance and function. Investigators are application this advice to abuse genes in a way that tricks actual beta beef into a connected accompaniment of admeasurement afore they are absolutely destroyed by the allowed system.

Re-supplying with new beta cells
Another adjustment for abating insulin assembly in blazon 1 diabetics is to displace beta beef from an alien antecedent to the patient. To do this, advisers charge accomplish a accumulation of beta beef and again advance means to assure them from the autoimmune acknowledgment that destroyed the aboriginal cells. At Sanford-Burnham, scientists are investigating means to use axis beef to aftermath new beta beef for transplantation. Axis beef are akin cells, acceptation that they accept not yet acclimatized on a specific function. These advisers accept articular a citizenry of axis beef in the animal developed pancreas that can anatomy new beta cells. They are now administering studies to bigger accept how these axis beef advance so that the action can be manipulated to actualize ample quantities of beta cells.

Beta-cell transplantation in blazon 1 diabetics generally requires connected analysis with immunosuppressive drugs that accumulate the allowed arrangement from eradicating the new cells. Since abiding use of these drugs can accept austere ancillary effects, Sanford-Burnham scientists are developing an another access to adumbrate crude beta beef from the allowed system. They accept created an encapsulation accessory that protects crude beta-cells from destruction. The accessory allows insulin to avenue and nutrients and glucose to enter, but keeps allowed beef out.

Screening for new drugs
Sanford-Burnham’s Conrad Prebys Center for Actinic Genomics allows diabetes advisers to look for abeyant new analysis application automatic technologies that awning hundreds of bags of actinic compounds. Scientists are now attractive for compounds that activate axis beef to become beta-cells or about-face on insulin-producing genes. They achievement these allegation will advance to the architecture of atypical drugs that enhance insulin beard in diabetics.

FAT & SUGAR BALANCING

Diabetes after-effects from a abridgement of activity insulin, a hormone that stimulates beef to booty up glucose (a blazon of sugar) from the bloodstream. Beef charge glucose as ammunition to aftermath energy. Blazon 1 diabetics abridgement insulin because their allowed systems abort the pancreatic beef that aftermath it. In blazon 2 diabetics, beef no best acknowledge appropriately to insulin. Either way, afterwards amoroso that can be adapted to energy, beef abjure and glucose levels anatomy up in the blood, which can advance to life-threatening complications such as affection disease.

“When mice – or bodies – eat too abundant fat, they become adipose and added aggressive to insulin, an aboriginal assurance of blazon 2 diabetes,” explained Dr. Julio Ayala, abettor assistant at Sanford-Burnham’s Lake Nona campus.

Given their roles in diabetes, it stands to acumen that insulin and glucose metabolism charge be anxiously adapted in adjustment to accumulate the anatomy active smoothly. One way our bodies do this is by bearing a hormone alleged glucagon-like peptide 1 (Glp1) afterwards we eat. The gut secretes Glp1, which campaign through the bloodstream and is accustomed by receptors in the pancreas.  This boosts assembly of insulin, appropriately cogent beef to booty up added glucose from the blood.

Dr. Ayala believes that Glp1 does added than aloof activate the pancreas to aftermath insulin. He studies how this gut hormone additionally affects glucose metabolism in the alarmist and glucose uptake by beef cells. He and his colleagues at Vanderbilt University and Mt. Sinai Hospital in Toronto appear a abstraction beforehand this ages in the account Endocrinology that provides added affirmation that the Glp1 receptor regulates not alone the assembly of insulin, but additionally how able-bodied it works.

If accustomed mice are fed a high-fat diet, their beef and alarmist beef eventually become aggressive to insulin. In this study, the advisers wondered what would appear if mice engineered to abridgement the Glp-1 receptor were fed a diet aerial in fat. They begin that abolition the Glp1 receptor was absolutely beneficial. When compared to accustomed mice on a high-fat diet, mice missing the hormone receptor were bigger at demography up glucose in beef beef and insulin attrition at the alarmist was reduced.  This was accompanied by a abatement in fat accession in the beef and alarmist – hallmarks of insulin resistance.

“We accepted that abolition Glp1 signaling in mice on a aerial fat diet would be a bifold anathema – we anticipation they would acquaintance both added fat accession and broken insulin activity at the liver,” Dr. Ayala said. “But to our surprise, we got the absolutely adverse result. These mice absolutely accept bigger insulin activity at the liver.”

This abstraction proposes a new role for the Glp1 receptor in acclimation the antithesis amid fat and glucose metabolism, authoritative it an adorable ambition for new diabetes therapies.

HIV RESEARCH

HIV analysis is activity through a improvement that may conceivably advance to new means to hook adjoin the AIDS virus and added viral diseases.

In a contempo development, the U. S. Government scientists are of the say that they accept been able to ascertain three able antibodies, the arch of which neutralizes 91% of HIV strains, the calculation added than any AIDS antibiotic apparent so far.

They are now accession the address that was acclimated to acquisition antibodies to admit affliction viruses.

The HIV antibodies were apparent in the beef of a 60-year-old African-American gay man, who is accepted in the accurate abstract as Donor 45, whose anatomy could aftermath the antibodies in a accustomed way. The abracadabra for scientists at the moment is to advance a anesthetic or added methods to actualize anyone's anatomy accomplish them as well.

That attack will charge a lot of adamantine assignment and toiling, said Gary Nabel, Director of the Vaccine Analysis Center at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, who was arena the baton of the research.

The analysis was appear in the online copy of the account Science on Thursday, 10 canicule afore the aperture of a ample International AIDS Conference in Vienna area blockage science is projected to booty centerstage.

STEM CELLS TRACKING BY MRI

Neonatal achievement or accompanying academician injuries can action back a bairn baby’s claret accumulation is restricted, generally arch to bookish palsy, attack or brainy retardation. Over the accomplished decade, advisers accept been application beastly models to agreement with neural axis beef to alter or assure the damaged tissue in this blazon of decidedly accepted academician injury. Axis beef authority abundant ameliorative affiance because they can breed in a bowl (making abounding beef for transplantation purposes) and again differentiate on command, specializing into a specific corpuscle blazon like neurons in the academician or alike glial cells, which abutment and assure neurons. Axis beef are additionally pathotropic, acceptation that they are fatigued to, or home in on, dissection locations in the brain, including those that can action from abrasion (like stroke) or decline (such as occurs in Alzheimer’s disease).

But there are risks to axis corpuscle therapy. One anguish is that beef will abide proliferating afterwards transplantation, arch to bump formation. Scientists additionally charge to accomplish abiding the axis beef drift anon to the locations in charge of adjustment or aegis and not to adventitious locations. These are boxy problems to overcome, though, because it’s difficult to clue a axis cell’s behavior already it’s central a host.

“The adeptness to adviser neural axis beef for a continued time is decidedly important for newborns, area article could account hasty furnishings in the developing academician continued into the future,” says Dr. Evan Y. Snyder, administrator of Sanford-Burnham’s Axis Beef and Regenerative Biology Program. Dr. Snyder was additionally the aboriginal to authenticate pathotropism of solid-organ axis cells, as able-bodied as the aboriginal to authenticate the use of axis beef to amusement stroke, decidedly neonatal stroke.

In a cardboard appear afresh in the Annals of Neurology, Dr. Snyder and collaborators at Loma Linda University, accommodate a band-aid to this problem. They showed that alluring resonance imaging (MRI) – the aforementioned address already acclimated to analyze cancer, achievement and abounding added altitude – can be acclimated to adviser neural axis corpuscle action in brain-injured mice over continued periods.

In this study, the advisers aboriginal loaded neural axis beef with adamant particles, again crude them to abrasion pups with hypoxic ischemic abrasion (similar to that apparent in neonatal stroke). Application MRI technology, Dr. Snyder and his colleagues empiric the iron-labeled beef in mice for added than a year – the animal agnate of 30 or 40 years. This accustomed them to quantify key aspects of neural axis corpuscle behavior, such as location, lifespan, acceleration of migration, admeasurement and affiliation into host tissues – all in the accomplishments of academician injury.

DIABETES RESEARCH

This anniversary in Orlando, Fla., the American Diabetes Association (ADA) aggregate doctors and scientists from all over the apple to drive its mission “to anticipate and cure diabetes and to advance the lives of all bodies afflicted by diabetes.”  Many of Sanford-Burnham’s Lake Nona advisers abounding the ADA’s anniversary meeting, including Dr. Sheila Collins, assistant in the Diabetes and Blubber Analysis Center, and post-doctoral advisers Dr. Zhenji Gan and Dr. Rita Luther.

“By bringing calm scientists and analytic doctors, ample interdisciplinary affairs like this advice us to anticipate added broadly about how our analysis impacts diabetes patients,” said Dr. Collins, whose assignment has been adjourned by the ADA in the past. “Clinical doctors accessory the basal analysis sessions will sometimes ask a catechism that brings a altered angle to those of us alive in the lab.”

Dr. Luther, who studies deepening in Dr. Philip Wood’s laboratory, agreed, adage that the ADA affair was actual altered from added accurate conferences she has attended. “Clinical lectures and adventitious affairs with nurses and doctors were eye-opening,” she commented.  “Learning about what patients charge provides a animal aspect to research.”

Dr. Gan additionally enjoyed the ADA affair for the befalling it gave him to accommodated added scientists, which included some of the bedrock stars of diabetes research.

“It’s important for me and added scientists-in-training to appear affairs like this, area we get the adventitious to accommodated some of the best able-bodied accepted advisers in our field,” commented Dr. Gan, who studies blubber and insulin attrition with Dr. Daniel Kelly.  “It was absolutely alarming to apprehend lectures accustomed by activating bodies who accept fabricated abundant contributions to diabetes analysis over the accomplished 40 years.”

Dr. Luther abounding several sessions at this affair that were accordant to her own analysis on inflammation,  but she additionally accustomed the befalling to accept to talks on added capacity that gave her “a broader acquirements acquaintance in diabetes.”

Several Sanford-Burnham attendees were decidedly aflame by the “mitochondrial renaissance” that was axiomatic at the ADA meeting. Mitochondria accept continued been accepted as the cell’s energy-generating powerhouse, but a new acknowledgment for the role it plays in blubber and metabolism has brought this organelle aback into fashion.

“Using the ability of atomic genetics, biomedicine is now advancing aback to the old adventure of the mitochondrion to accept how sugars and blubbery acids are metabolized and how that relates to diabetes,”  Dr. Collins explained.

101 DNA

DNA is abbreviate for deoxyribonucleic acid. Two chains of four actinic bases (abbreviated A, T, C and G) accomplish up DNA and act as a cell’s compound book to accomplish proteins. The accurate arrangement of a DNA alternation – acceptation the absolute adjustment of the four actinic bases – determines what protein will be made. A DNA articulation alpha with ATTCGC would aftermath a actual altered protein than one that starts with CCGTAT. This can be likened to adjusting the adjustment of belletrist in a word. Though the belletrist are the same, the acceptation changes. For example,  act agency article actual altered than cat.

Not all DNA is destined to become a protein. Aloof as a compound ability accommodate added advice than aloof a account of ingredients, alone some regions of your DNA – alleged genes – are anon translated into proteins. Cellular accouterment follows the instructions accounting in a gene’s compound to actualize a agnate arrangement of agent ribonucleic acerbic (mRNA), which is chemically agnate to DNA but acts as a messenger, accustomed the compound from the nucleus. Out in the cell’s cytosol, the mRNA arrangement is apprehend by added machines, alleged ribosomes. Following the mRNA instructions, ribosomes cord calm amino acids, the architecture blocks that accomplish up proteins. Proteins do best of the assignment in the cell.

As beef divide, bearing two beef area there was already alone one, the ancestor cell’s DNA is bifold and the aforementioned protein-making compound is anesthetized on to the babe cell.

MEDICINE 101 PERSONALIZED

In 2003, the achievement of the animal genome activity gave us an aberrant bulk of abiogenetic information. From this, a new analytic abstraction is emerging: alone medicine.

Conventional medical affliction generalizes analysis to all patients with a accurate disease. But aback a ache is as alone as the actuality who has it, casting a avant-garde ameliorative net has its limitations. For one, patients with a assertive abiogenetic architecture ability not acknowledge to a accurate biologic as able-bodied as patients with altered genetics, or they ability acquaintance altered ancillary effects. As alone anesthetic becomes a reality, it could adjust these less-than-ideal situations.

From the analytic point-of-view, alone anesthetic is a about-face from acknowledging to proactive. Based on a person’s health, genetic, and ecology profiles, doctors practicing alone anesthetic could appraise a patient’s accident for accepting a abiogenetic ache afore any affection develop. This ability acquiesce them to ambition the specific genes that annual for affliction (the BRCA1/BRCA2 genes that activate a woman to breast cancer, for example), absorb a blockage strategy, and adviser those genes over time. When it comes to treatment, alone drugs could be assigned based on an individual’s atomic “build” and targeting analysis area it will do the best acceptable and the atomic harm.

While a few tests are now accessible that can advice adumbrate how an alone is acceptable to acknowledge to assertive medications, for the best allotment alone anesthetic is currently authoritative the best advance at the analysis stage. For example, advisers are now application a technique, referred to as ache in a dish, to re-create a person’s alone ache in a class bowl to bigger abstraction the basal causes and awning abeyant drugs tailored to that patient. For instance, advisers can booty bark beef from a accommodating with amyotrophic crabbed sclerosis (ALS), and acquaint a few genes that about-face them into a blazon of axis beef alleged induced pluripotent axis (iPS) cells. Like their beginning cousins, iPS beef can proliferate, breeding abounding added cells, and differentiate, authoritative any blazon of complete cell. In this scenario, advisers can again absolute iPS beef to differentiate aback to academician beef with the aforementioned atomic and abiogenetic defects that gave acceleration to ALS in the aboriginal place. Ache in a bowl gives scientists a bottomless cardinal of beef to study, manipulate, and use to accomplish personalized, miniaturized analytic biologic trials in a dish. Whether or not iPS beef can be re-introduced to a accommodating for ameliorative purposes is still actuality debated.

Here are a few means Sanford-Burnham advisers are advancing alone anesthetic and ache in a dish:

    Dr. Daniel Kelly’s accumulation is evaluating several abiogenetic markers in diabetic and non-diabetic bodies who accept accomplished affection attacks. Affection patients are commonly advised with a blazon of biologic alleged a beta-blocker. However, antecedent after-effects acknowledge that diabetic patients with altered variations in a accurate gene acknowledge abnormally to beta-blockers. For some people, beta blockers are added beneficial, while those with a altered abiogenetic architecture are added acceptable to acquaintance adverse ancillary furnishings from the drug.
    In blight research, alone anesthetic describes the angle that every bump is different. If doctors could artlessly contour every person’s bump on a genomic, proteomic and metabolomic level, they’d be bigger able to advance added adapted and beneath baneful therapies. Dr. Robert Wechsler-Reya and his aggregation are developing alone abrasion models for a adolescence academician bump alleged medulloblastoma. Alone abrasion models acquiesce the bump beef to advance their biochemical properties, acceptance advisers to abstraction the role axis beef comedy in academician development and bump accumulation in a real-life context.
    Dr. Jeff Price and Dr. Mark Mercola’s laboratories are application ache in a bowl to awning drugs for cardiotoxicity – a ancillary aftereffect that harms the affection (a accepted acumen for affairs affliction and weight accident medications off the shelf). This address allows them to calibration up their efforts, application abounding altered combinations of beef and drugs. They can absolutely see affection beef assault in a bowl and, application avant-garde video technology, they can almanac and admeasurement contractions afore and afterwards biologic treatment. This advice could eventually be acclimated to added bound acquaint the alternative and development of safer drugs, ultimately extenuative abounding lives.
    Reprogramming differentiated developed beef into iPS beef to charm a ache in a bowl requires so abounding accomplish and so abundant time that the ability amount is actual low – you ability end up with alone a few iPS cells, alike if you started with a actor bark cells. Dr. Tariq Rana and his aggregation are convalescent the action by base microRNAs (miRNAs) during the reprogramming date as a bark corpuscle makes the alteration to an iPS cell. Their allegation authenticate that miRNAs are abundant enhancers for iPS corpuscle generation.

FAT RELATED HEART DISEASE

Heart ache is the arch account of afterlife for both men and women in the United States. But affection ache is added than aloof one disease; there are abounding altered ‘flavors’ that can aftereffect from a affection attack, aerial claret pressure, diabetes or added causes. In lipotoxic cardiomyopathy, for example, affection action is disrupted by fat accession in affection cells. Blubber and high-fat diets are above accident factors for lipotoxic cardiomyopathy, but scientists afresh unraveled an another alleyway to lipotoxic cardiomyopathy in bake-apple flies – a abiogenetic apparatus that occurs apart of a diet aerial in fat. Their abstraction lays the foundation for the development of new means to action lipotoxic cardiomyopathy and added types of affection disease.

“It’s a well-accepted angle that if you eat too abundant blubbery aliment and your anatomy can’t metabolize it properly, you can become adipose and this can advance to lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. Our abstraction shows that there is additionally an another account of blubber and associated affection problems – an alterity in the fats that frequently accomplish up the basal anatomy of our cells,” explained Dr. Hui-Ying Lim, post-doctoral researcher and advance columnist of the study.

In this study, the advisers analyzed aberrant bake-apple flies (called calmly abashed mutants) that accept abnormally low levels of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), a blazon of fat that makes up a above basic of cellular membranes in both flies and mammals. They begin that these flies atone for low PE levels by initiating a apparatus for synthesizing fat. In this mechanism, a protein alleged sterol authoritative element-binding protein (SREBP) turns on genes encoding metabolic enzymes that amalgamate added fat.

As a aftereffect of aerial SREBP, these PE-deficient aberrant flies additionally had aerial levels of triglycerides, heart-damaging fats frequently associated with blubber and blazon 2 diabetes in humans. The disruption in corpuscle film fat amalgam and consistent triglyceride fat accession added up to affection problems for flies abbreviate on PE-producing enzymes. Compared to their genetically accustomed counterparts, they were abnormally decumbent to cardiac arrest beneath accent and added affection problems.

Since overactive SREBP seems to be the account of affection ache in this system, can it be targeted to abate affection disease? The advisers addressed this catechism by inhibiting SREBP or its fat-synthesizing ambition genes through abiogenetic manipulation. In accomplishing so, they were able to restore fat antithesis and accomplishment PE-deficient flies from affection malfunction. These benign furnishings were additionally accomplished by abbreviation SREBP in aloof the heart, rather than the accomplished fly. As a result, the flies were still obese, but their hearts functioned normally. These allegation added accentuate the accent of SREBP in balance fat-related affection diseases, like lipotoxic cardiomyopathy.

“Here we articular a new metabolic alleyway that exhibits arresting similarities to obesity- and diabetes-related affection abortion in humans,” explained Dr. Rolf Bodmer, chief columnist of the study. “This advice ability now acquiesce us to baffle with the baneful furnishings of aerial fat in the affection by anon manipulating these genes in the affection muscle.”

TECHNOLOGY IN REAL ESTATE

Real acreage agents with Coldwell Banker Pacific Properties accept a new assignment advanced of them over the abutting few canicule — to drive about to all of their listings and attach a two-and-a-half-inch-square sticker to their for-sale signs.

The stickers accommodate QR codes — abbreviate for quick acknowledgment — that acquiesce anyone with a acute buzz to browse and get burning abundant advice about a property.

It’s one of the latest web-based technology innovations that Hawaii absolute acreage companies are appliance to allure new customers, addition sales and acceleration transactions.

For Coldwell Banker Pacific Properties, abacus QR codes to backyard signs takes business a footfall above the web by authoritative advice attainable to adaptable consumers, said Senior Vice President Lori McCarney. The QR technology has been accepted in Japan, and already has been acclimated by absolute acreage companies on the Mainland.

“This is a absolute appliance for absolute estate,” McCarney said. “Because there is so abundant advice that bodies would like to accept but they can’t admission it in advanced of a abode — they can now.”

Other absolute acreage companies are harnessing the Internet to body business in a apathetic economy.

On Kauai, web developer Justin Britt and his ally created Hawaii Life Absolute Acreage Services, additionally accepted as Hawaiilife.com, a web-based absolute acreage aggregation that has developed in two years to accept 85 agents in six offices on Kauai, Maui, the Big Island and Oahu. The aggregation has done $100 actor in sales so far this year, he said.

Read more: Absolute acreage firms use new technology to accretion barter | Pacific Business News

DNA TECHNOLOGY IN CHILD RESEARCH

Recovery Act funds covered costs of analysis involving an avant-garde DNA sequencing action that has helped medical science analyze abiogenetic mutations causing some bearing defects and adolescence academician disorders, advisers say.

A absolute $6.8 actor of Recovery grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) underwrote two analysis projects performed beforehand this year application the new sequencing technique, which, instead of mapping the absolute animal genome, alone concentrates on a tiny allocation absolute proteins affecting all-embracing abiogenetic activity.

A $3.9 actor admission from NIH’s National Animal Genome Analysis Institute (NHGRI) to the University of Washington accustomed advisers to abstraction accessible abiogenetic causes of Kabuki syndrome, a attenuate academician ataxia that can account assorted bearing defects and brainy retardation. Application the new technique, advisers articular for the aboriginal time abiogenetic abnormalities or alterations and assured they are a above account of the syndrome.

“It’s bright from this assignment that new DNA sequencing technologies are able and able accoutrement that scientists can use to advance the analysis of genes circuitous in attenuate diseases, an accomplishment that ahead was apathetic and costly,” said NHGRI administrator Eric D. Green. “The abeyant to rapidly analyze gene mutations causing added than 6,000 attenuate diseases is an important footfall advanced for advisers who are aggravating to accept the analysis of these altitude and thereby advance strategies to affliction for patients they affect.”

Brain scans of a advantageous adolescent (left) and a adolescent with microcephaly, polymicrogyria and schizencephaly. Courtesy of Murat Gunel, M.D., Yale University.

A $2.9 actor Recovery admission from NIH helped added advisers to ascertain that mutations in a audible gene can account several types of academician abnormalities in children.

The analysis focused on accouchement with malformations of cortical development (MCD), involving the brain's exoteric layer. Normally this layer’s circuitous folds are densely arranged with academician cells; with MCD, the case is abate and the folds are beneath complex. Affected accouchement accept astringent bookish disabilities and may not ability adorning milestones.

Multiple altered and audible types of MCD can occur, but through the new sequencing technique, advisers articular a audible gene as the basis of anniversary type. This sequencing “can be activated to dozens of added attenuate abiogenetic disorders area the culprit genes accept so far evaded discovery,” said advance researcher Murat Gunel, arch of the Neurovascular Surgery Affairs and co-director of the neurogenetics affairs on at Yale University. “Such advice can advice couples appraise the accident of casual on abiogenetic disorders to their children. It can additionally action insights into ache mechanisms and treatments.”

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY

In this post we are seeing some awesome invention in technology called "FUTURE TECHNOLOGY".

1.Wireless adjustable keyboard

 The freeKEY combines wireless abandon and complete functionality into the capital apparatus for accepting the best out of any iPad, iPhone, DROID or added Bluetooth accurate device.

The freeKEY makes accounting with your accessory accessible and efficient. You no best accept to attempt while commutual emails or accepting assignment done abroad from your desktop computer.

Flexible and baptize resistant, the freeKEY tucks abroad into your purse or agent bag abridged while demography up hardly any room. Along with your iPad, the avant-garde architecture of the freeKEY enables it to be acclimated with your iPad 2, iPhone, tablet, laptop and more. 

2 Bluetooth technology and Sony Q concept

Music players advertise like hot cakes and afterwards some time become dried as they are replaced by new ones that accept bigger appearance and technology. The Sony Q amateur is an aberrant conception advised by Jonathon Davis. The accessory in achievement is a Bluetooth MP3 amateur abstraction that absolutely exploits the Bluetooth angle technology.

3 Cool Kitchen

Who can abide the aroma of a afresh broiled cake? However befitting the adipose drafts in ascendancy requires a acceptable awning and able ventilation. The Electrolux Aeolus is a abstraction that promises acceptable odor ascendancy but additionally looks into the problems of amplitude crisis in a kitchen. The rim-like anatomy is abeyant from the beam and has hooks and platforms to authority glasses and pans. The chichi attending and adult blow that it adds to a kitchen.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

We use the appellation advice technology or IT to accredit to an absolute industry. In actuality, advice technology is the use of computers and software to administer information. In some companies, this is referred to as Administration Advice Services (or MIS) or artlessly as Advice Services (or IS). The advice technology administration of a ample aggregation would be amenable for autumn information, attention information, processing the information, transmitting the advice as necessary, and after retrieving advice as necessary.
History of Advice Technology:

In about terms, it wasn't continued ago that the Advice Technology administration ability accept consisted of a distinct Computer Operator, who ability be autumn abstracts on alluring tape, and again putting it in a box bottomward in the basement somewhere. The history of advice technology is fascinating! Check out these history of advice technology assets for advice on aggregate from the history of IT to electronics inventions and alike the top 10 IT bugs.
Modern Advice Technology Departments:

In adjustment to accomplish the circuitous functions appropriate of advice technology departments today, the avant-garde Advice Technology Administration would use computers, servers, database administration systems, and cryptography. The administration would be fabricated up of several System Administrators, Database Administrators and at atomic one Advice Technology Manager. The accumulation usually letters to the Chief Advice Officer (CIO).
Popular Advice Technology Skills:

Some of the best accepted advice technology abilities at the moment are:

1.     Computer Networking
2.     Advice Security
3.     IT Governance
4.     ITIL
5.     Business Intelligence
6.     Linux
7.     Unix
8.     Project Management

3G TECHNOLOGY

3G or 3rd bearing adaptable telecommunications, is a bearing of standards for adaptable phones and adaptable telecommunications casework accomplishing the International Adaptable Telecommunications-2000 (IMT — 2000) blueprint by the International Telecommunication Union.[1] Application casework accommodate wide-area wireless articulation telephone, adaptable Internet access, video calls and adaptable TV, all in a adaptable environment. To accommodated the IMT-2000 standards, a arrangement is appropriate to accommodate aiguille abstracts ante of at atomic 200 kbit/s. Recent 3G releases, generally denoted 3.5G and 3.75G, additionally accommodate adaptable broadband admission of several Mbit/s to smartphones and adaptable modems in laptop computers.

The afterward standards are about branded 3G:

    the UMTS system, aboriginal offered in 2001, connected by 3GPP, acclimated primarily in Europe, Japan, China (however with a altered radio interface) and added regions predominated by GSM 2G arrangement infrastructure. The corpuscle phones are about UMTS and GSM hybrids. Several radio interfaces are offered, administration the aforementioned infrastructure:

        The aboriginal and best boundless radio interface is alleged W-CDMA.

        The TD-SCDMA radio interface, was commercialised in 2009 and is alone offered in China.

        The latest UMTS release, HSPA+, can accommodate aiguille abstracts ante up to 56 Mbit/s in the downlink in approach (28 Mbit/s in absolute services) and 22 Mbit/s in the uplink.

    the CDMA2000 system, aboriginal offered in 2002, connected by 3GPP2, acclimated abnormally in North America and South Korea, administration basement with the IS-95 2G standard. The corpuscle phones are about CDMA2000 and IS-95 hybrids. The latest absolution EVDO Rev B offers aiguille ante of 14.7 Mbit/s downstreams.

The aloft systems and radio interfaces are based on affiliated advance spectrum radio manual technology. While the GSM EDGE accepted ("2.9G"), DECT cordless phones and Adaptable WiMAX standards formally additionally accomplish the IMT-2000 requirements and are accustomed as 3G standards by ITU, these are about not branded 3G, and are based on absolutely altered technologies.

A new bearing of cellular standards has appeared about every tenth year back 1G systems were alien in 1981/1982. Each bearing is characterized by new abundance bands, college abstracts ante and non backwards accordant manual technology. The aboriginal absolution of the 3GPP Long Term Change (LTE) accepted does not absolutely accomplish the ITU 4G requirements alleged IMT-Advanced. Aboriginal absolution LTE is not backwards accordant with 3G, but is a pre-4G or 3.9G technology, about sometimes branded "4G" by the account providers. Its change LTE Advanced is a 4G technology. WiMAX is addition technology abutting on or marketed as 4G.

DIFFERENT FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

1. Aerospace Technology
2. Agricultural Technology
3. Biotechnology
4. Construction Engineering
5. Engineering Technology
6. Environmental Technology
7. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
8. Information Technology
9. Manufacturing Technology
10. Marine Technology
11. Microtechnology& Nanotechnology
12. Process and Chemical Technology
13. Transportation Technology

DIFFERENT FIELDS OF SCIENCE

Biology

1. Anatomy
2. Astrobiology
3. Biochemistry
4. Bioinformatics
5. Biophysics
6. Botany
7. Cell biology
8. Developmental biology
9. Ecology
10. Entomology
11. Epidemiology
12. Evolution (Evolutionary biology)
13. Freshwater Biology
14. Genetics
15. Immunology
16. Marine biology
17. Microbiology
18. Molecular Biology
19. Morphology
20. Neuroscience
21. Physical anthropology
22. Physiology
23. Population dynamics
24. Structural biology
25. Taxonomy
26. Toxicology
27. Virology
28. Zoology

Chemistry

1. Analytical chemistry
2. Biochemistry
3. Computational chemistry
4. Electrochemistry
5. Inorganic chemistry
6. Materials science
7. Organic chemistry
8. Polymer chemistry
9. Physical chemistry
10. Quantum chemistry
11. Spectroscopy
12. Stereochemistry
13. Thermochemistry

Physics

1. Acoustics
2. Astrodynamics
3. Astronomy
4. Astrophysics
5. Biophysics
6. Classical mechanics
7. Computational physics
8. Condensed amount physics
9. Cryogenics
10. Dynamics
11. Fluid dynamics
12. High Energy Physics
13. Materials physics
14. Mechanics
15. Nuclear physics
16. Optics
17. Particle physics
18. Plasma physics
19. Polymer physics
20. Quantum mechanics
21. Solid State physics
22. Thermodynamics

Earth Science

1. Environmental Science
2. Geodesy
3. Geography
4. Geology
5. Hydrology
6. Meteorology
7. Oceanography
8. Paleontology
9. Seismology